What Does Ozone Have to Do With Global Warming

There is a lot of confusion surrounding the role played by ozone in global  climate change. I often encounter college students who conflate two very distinct problems: the hole in the ozone layer, and greenhouse gas-mediated global climate change. These two problems are not as directly related as many think. If ozone had nothing to do with global warming, the confusion could be cleared up simply and quickly, but unfortunately, a few important subtleties complicate the reality of these important issues. What Is Ozone? Ozone is a very simple molecule made up of three oxygen atoms (hence, O3). A relatively high concentration of these ozone molecules float around 12 to 20 miles above the surface of the Earth. That layer of widely scattered ozone plays a crucial role for life on the planet: it absorbs most of the sun’s UV rays before they reach the surface. UV rays are damaging to plants and animals, as they cause serious disruptions inside living cells. A Recap of the Ozone Layer Problem Fact #1: The thinning ozone layer does not result in significant increases in global temperatures Several man-made molecules are a threat to the ozone layer. Most notably, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were used in refrigerators, freezers, air conditioning units, and as the propellant in spray bottles. The usefulness of CFCs stems in part from how stable they are, but this quality also allows them to withstand the long atmospheric journey all the way up to the ozone layer. Once there, CFCs interact with the ozone molecules, breaking them apart. When sufficient amounts of ozone have been destroyed, the low concentration area is often called a â€Å"hole† in the ozone layer, with increased UV radiation making it to the surface below. The 1989 Montreal Protocol successfully phased out CFC production and use. Are those holes in the ozone layer the main factor responsible for global warming? The short answer is no. Ozone Damaging Molecules Play a Role in Climate Change Fact #2: Ozone-depleting chemicals also act as greenhouse gases. The story does not end here. The same chemicals that break down ozone molecules are also greenhouse gases. Unfortunately, that trait is not a sole characteristic of CFCs: many of the ozone-friendly alternatives to CFCs are themselves greenhouse gases. The extended family of chemicals CFC belongs to, halocarbons, can be blamed for approximately 14% of the warming effects due to greenhouse gases, behind carbon dioxide and methane. At Low Altitudes, Ozone Is a Different Beast Fact #3: Close to the surface of the Earth, ozone is a pollutant and a greenhouse gas. Up to this point, the story was relatively simple: ozone is good, halocarbons are bad, CFCs are the worst. Unfortunately, the picture is more complex. When occurring in the troposphere (the lower portion of the atmosphere – roughly below the 10-mile mark), ozone is a pollutant. When nitrous oxides and other fossil fuel gases are released from cars, trucks, and power plants, they interact with sunlight and form low-level ozone, an important component of smog. This pollutant is found in high concentrations where vehicle traffic is heavy, and it can cause widespread respiratory problems, worsening asthma and facilitating respiratory tract infections. Ozone in agricultural areas reduces vegetation growth and affects yields. Finally, low-level ozone acts as a powerful greenhouse gas, albeit much shorter lived than carbon dioxide.

Nora Flynn Case Study - 1131 Words

The Family of Nora (Foley) Flynn A direct descendant, Nora Foley, is born in 1870. She is baptized by a Catholic priest at the Old Keel Church, that is, the Boolteens Chapel, on November 24. Her baptism sponsors are her future husband’s parents, Patrick and Nora (Knightly) Flynn. (F110) (F149) Nora, called â€Å"Nonie† by her family and friends, was the seventh child born to Daniel â€Å"Donal Ru† and Katie (Knightly) Foley. Nonie joins her siblings: Jerry, Timothy, James, Francis, Mary and John. After Nonie’s birth, Donal Ru and Katie will have two more children: Patrick and Nellie. Of their nine children, Jerry, James, John, Nora and Nellie will leave home and immigrate to the United States. All, with Jerry being the first, will settle in a†¦show more content†¦(F281) (F285) 1875: Marriage and a New House In 1875, Jerry Flynn’s father, Patrick Jeremiah Flynn, moves from his native Shanahill West to Shanahill East where he secures seven acres of land on which to build a house.* Patrick and his younger brother, Sean Flynn, build a stone cottage. (Pictured on the left in 1995) Patrick is building this house in preparation for his marriage to Nora Knightly. Patrick is aided in expertise by the fact that his brother is, by trade, a stonemason. Without a doubt, Patrick and Sean seek nice even stones that can be easily dressed with a hammer as well as stones that are about six inches thick. The two brothers mix lime and sand for the mortar to be placed between each rock. A thatched roof is placed on the house. The two men also lay the stones for the hearth on the inside of the cottage. It is here that the fire provides heat in the cottage on cold days and it is also here that Nora cooks the meals. It can be said with assurance that the large hearth is the focal point of the one room Flynn house. Here the Flynn family most assuredly sits in the evening. Here the news of the day is probably discussed, and the stories are told. The neighbor or friend who comes in the evening to visit is probably bidden to come up to the fire and the re is a shifting of chairs to give him a good seat. Another friend drops in and theShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time

Parenting Styles A Parenting Style And Made A New System...

Parents are the major people who affect their children’s lives. They raise their children and teach them the rules of life by using a specific parenting style. A parenting style is a psychological concept based on regular strategies that parents use while raising their children. Parenting is a complicated occupation that requires many different skills that work in concert to influence a child’s behavior. Parental responsibilities start after the birth of the first child, and they impact the child’s overall life. Parents usually develop their parenting styles based on their cultures. This situation happened because culture influences families’ lives including the way parents socialize their children. At this point, behaviors and actions that are appropriate in one culture might be inappropriate in another culture. Parenting Styles Diane Baumrind was the first one who defined authoritative parenting style and made a new system for classifying parents. Depending on Diana Baumrind s theory (1991) about parenting, she identifies three distinctive parenting styles that cover different parenting techniques worldwide. She named them authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. Authoritarian parents participate in interactions with their children characterized by low warmth and utilize a strict and harsh discipline style. Authoritative parents participate in interactions with their children characterized by high warmth and utilize non-punitive discipline in which they shareShow MoreRelatedLife and Work of John Bowlby2584 Words   |  11 Pages even if in slightly attenuated form, and, since it forms part of the ordinary social pattern of most Western communities today [1951], the child who goes to boarding-school will not feel different from other children. Moreover, by relieving the parents of the children for part of the year, it will be possible for some of them to develop more favorable attitudes toward their children during the remainder.[3] He married Ursula Longstaff, herself the daughter of a surgeon, on April 16, 1938, andRead MoreEssay on Virtual Child16751 Words   |  68 Pagesand intense stimuli. She wakes up often at night in a random manner. You are getting grumpy. How will you deal with this? A: You or your partner will take turns soothing Preslee by rocking and talking softly. 2) Q: As a family with two working parents, what type of daycare will you choose? A: Hire a sitter to care for Preslee in your home. 3) Q: You and your partner need more sleep to keep up with the demands of work and childcare, so what do you do when Preslee wakes up crying at night? A:Read MoreLifespan Essay14430 Words   |  58 Pagestime, only waking when hungry, cold, or wet. He usually drifts back to sleep toward the end of the feeding. You talk quietly to ARDA during the feeding, making sure ARDA sees your face a great deal of the time. You try to wake ARDA up for some parent-baby interaction time. You dance gently around with him in your arms, and talk or sing out loud. You figure that ARDA needs the sleeping time for brain development so you dont disturb him. A At 0 months: After only a week with ARDA, you canRead MoreFemale Criminality11608 Words   |  46 Pagessignificantly raises the likelihood of re-offending later in life. As such, an understanding of the differences between the sexes in terms of the reasoning behind their offenses has long been researched. Gross notes that males and females enter the justice system with differing behavioral and emotional needs (Gross, 2009, pp. 84). As such, one can see a basic understanding of the mental differences between men and women that may lead women to have different reasons for committing crimes at an elevated rateRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesin this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by theRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesand selection) †¢ Human resource development †¢ Compensation and benefits †¢ Safety and health †¢ Employee and labor relations †¢ Records maintaining, etc. †¢ HR research (providing a HR information base, designing and implementing employee communication system). †¢ Interrelationship of HR functions. A. What is human resource management? As we said that HRM is the management of people working in an organization, it is a subject related to human. For simplicity, we can say that it is the management of humansRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Oil Boom in North Dakota - 5022 Words

UNITED STATES Oil in the Bakken region is boosting local economies but attracting a gritty scene Albertans know well The strip clubs in Williston, N.D., are the rowdiest that Tatiana, an exotic dancer who has performed in Las Vegas and New York, has ever seen. Oil workers coming off the nearby rigs pack the city s two clubs, Whispers and Heartbreakers, every night. They smell like work. They wear dirty T-shirts. They fall asleep face first on the bar. And then there are the prostitutes. Tatiana, who asked that her real name not be used, noticed them wandering though the crowd looking for customers on her first night in North Dakota. They re not in there to tip the dancers, she says with a laugh. Williston is the heart of†¦show more content†¦Some of those drivers are bound for Estevan, where they load their product onto the CP lines in the middle of town, which, Mayor St. Onge admits, is a little bit dangerous. F OR many years, North Dakota has been the least visited state in the Union. There are no real tourist attractions here; Mount Rushmore is in South Dakota. The late news man Eric Sevareid, who was born in North Dakota, called his native state â€Å"a large, rectangular blank spot in the nation’s mind.† But reporters from all over the world have been coming here lately, because North Dakota boasts one of the most interesting and exciting stories in the country: an honest-to-goodness boom. The state has the lowest unemployment rate in the country, at 3.1 percent. Some wonder who could be out of work, given all the â€Å"Help Wanted† signs. North Dakota is No. 1 in job growth and No. 1 in income growth. At the heart of this pros ¬perity is the Bakken formation, located in the northwestern part of the state. It’s a vast pot of oil. â€Å"Bakken,† incidentally, rhymes with â€Å"rockin’.† They have a bumper sticker here: â€Å"Rockin’ the Bakken.† Oil was discovered in this area in 1951, but the trick was extracting it. Then, not long ago, came a marriage of two techniques—one older, one newer. The older one was â€Å"hy - draulic fracturing,† or â€Å"fracking,† for short. This is the method by which oil or natural gas is forced from rock. The newer technique was horizontalShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Natural Gas Resources1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"In North Dakota, the nation’s second largest petroleum producing state after Texas, the number of rigs has dropped to 65 from some 191 last year. More than 10,000 jobs have been lost. And unemployment insurance benefits have risen by a reported 115 percent† (Bobb). The Bakken Formation is the oil and natural gas resource in North Dakota. The Bakken Oil Field in North Dakota is young, at only ten to fifteen years old. It has experienced tremendous growth and success, but is now in its first recessionRead MoreImpact Of The On North Dakota Essay 1240 Words   |  5 Pagesaffected by the Oil boom, countless have made millions on this product. Oil isn t always easy to find, as a matter of fact, it can be very difficult. Often times oil seeps to the top of the surface, making it easy to find, but most of the time people have to drill to find it. In the earlier days rigs could only work on land, however now we can use oil platforms to get oil from under sea beds. Many towns like Bainville and Watford city are being affected very heavily because of the oil, changes include:Read MoreIndigenous Peoples Of Native Americans919 Words   |  4 Pagesrestore what damage that has been done to them. But instead, big companies are destroying sacred land all over the United States by mining, drilling for oil, or even building for scientific research. â€Å"Since the late 1800s, the U.S. government has appropriated much of the original tribal lands associated with the Fort Berthold reservation in North Dakota for railroads and white homesteaders.† (Lustgarten) These lands were to be set aside and untouchable to the nonnatives. These lands were supposed toRead MoreWind Power: Giving Back to the Environment Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe western plains of North Dakota have recently experienced a boom of a great magnitude. The oil industry has found great success from fracking in the region. This Fracking is producing considerable amounts of oil and natural gas. Although the region has seen great wealth from these fossil fuels we need to remember that they are pumping great amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere which is essentially destroying our environment. Taking care of our environment has come to the forefront of the powerRead MoreNorth Dakota s State Regulatory Agencies2619 Words   |  11 PagesMany would not bel ieve that North Dakota has some serious environmental concerns, at least I did not. I always thought of North Dakota as a stable and somewhat of a quiet state. After doing some extensive research, I found that North Dakota has environmental concerns with terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic ecosystems. As for aquatic ecosystems, the main damage has been done through haphazard artificial drainage, excessive water diversions, and improper disposal of industrial waste. Impact to terrestrialRead MoreThe Fort Berthold Indian Reservation1072 Words   |  5 PagesAn oil boom at the Fort Berthold reservation has attracted thousands of newcomers—and a wave of hard-to-prosecute crime. (Sierra Crane-Murdoch) On an early morning last June, on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in western North Dakota, tribal officer Nathan Sanchez was nearing the end of his shift when he noticed a frantic stirring in the cattails alongside the road. A girl emerged. Her jeans were wet, her halter-top fallen to her waist. Sanchez approached in his car to ask what had happenedRead MoreGas Flaring And Its Effects On The World1015 Words   |  5 Pagesdescending order include; Russia, Nigeria, Iran, Iraq and most recently the U.S. jumped to number 5 on the list due to the recent oil boom in the Bakken shale in North Dakota and production operations in Wyoming. The rest of the countries that flare gas at an alarming rate include, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Angola, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Furthermore, according to the World Bank, oil production plants around the globe burn approximately 140 billion m3 (~4.9 trillion ft3) on an annual basis. This permits moreRead MoreMany Conflicts in History718 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom similar reasons, which may happen in repetition. In the text of â€Å"North Dakota’s oil boom gives birth to new breed of migrant worker† (Newsela), a man named Andrew Klefstad goes to work in North Dakota for the same reason as anybody else; he needs more money for bills and other expenses. Andrew occasionally goes to North Dakota to clean oil spills all for the money he needs at home. People like Andrew need to go to North Dakota to solve the same conflict, money, and every time somebody goes to workRead MoreThe World Is An Ever Changing Place1229 Words   |  5 Pagesever changing place, moving at a punishing pace. This perpetual motion requires a constant source of energy. This energy comes in the form of oil and petroleum products, products that invigorate both our cars and America’s foreign and domestic policy. Oil is king. It rules everyday life, national policy, and the fates, even the lives, of millions of people. Oil is power in the form of black liquid in a barrel. However, America does not, at the moment, have the ability to control this valuable resourceRead MoreFracking Transportation And Modeling : A Literature Review3710 Words   |  15 Pagesdrilling mud, chemicals, gravel and pipes etc.) 16 (Fresh) water and its transportation modeling 16 Frac sand and its transportation 18 3.1.2 Outbound movements 19 Waste water disposal 19 Drill cuttings 20 Production: oil, natural gas liquids (NGL) and natural gas 21 Natural gas 21 Oil and Natural gas liquids 22 3.1.3 Population growth impact 23 4.0 Supply Chains in the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale Case Study Area 24 4.1 Overview of the TMS play 24 4.2 Challenges and opportunities 25 4.3 Transportation

Justice Systems in Egypt and in the United States Free Essays

Justice System in Egypt and the United States Brian L. Goodman Daymar College Outline Abstract Introduction III. The Legal Systems A. We will write a custom essay sample on Justice Systems in Egypt and in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now The United States Legal System B. The Egypt Legal System IV. Types of Crimes V. Components of Justice System in the United States VI. Components of Justice System in Egypt VII. Crimes A. United States B. Egypt VIII. Notes IX. References Abstract Justice System in Egypt and the United States are similar in many ways. Egypt Justice System bases its criminal code on British, Napoleon, and Italian models. There are three main categories of crime in Egypt law; they are minor offenses, misdemeanors and felonies. Egypt law requires that a detained person be brought before a magistrate with 48 hours or released. The United States Justice System enforces the law and defends the interests of the United States according to the law to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic, and to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime. The United States Justice System uses five components such as; local law enforcements, court trails, court cases, trial with grand jury and decision and punishment. Justice System in Egypt and the United States The United States is a federal system. The national government has enumerated powers, and the fifty states retain substantial authority. Both the national government and each state government is divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches. Written constitutions, both federal and state, form a system of separated powers, checks and balances among the branches. Egypt bases its criminal codes and courts operations primarily on British, Italian, and Napoleonic models. Criminal court procedures had been substantially modified by heritage of Islamic legal and social patterns and the legacy of numerous kinds of courts that formerly existed. In ancient Egypt, the rulers, called pharaohs, created the laws of the land and enforced them. The pharaohs had strict laws and at times, some very harsh punishments to maintain control over the people. The Egyptians had harsh punishments for breaking the law. The laws were based on common sense view of right and wrong. It depended on which crime the criminal did to figure out which punishment they would receive. Not only would it disgrace them, but it would disgrace their whole family. Now, Egypt uses criminal codes. The criminal codes listed three main categories of crime: minor offenses, misdemeanors, and felonies. Lower courts handled the majority of these cases. Capitol crimes that carried a possible death sentence includes murder, manslaughter, arson or the uses of explosives that caused death, rape, treason, and endangerment of state security. In Egypt few convictions for capital crimes, however, resulted in execution. Egypt laws required that a detained person be brought before a magistrate and formally charged within 48 hours or released. The accused are entitled to post bail and had the right to defended by legal counsel. Searches can not be conducted without a warrant. The justice system in the United States is one of the most unique in the world. It consists of two separate levels of courts, state and federal.. Most of the laws that govern our day-to-day living are state laws; violations of federal law include offenses involving federal government employees, kidnapping or evading arrest, and fraud such as income tax or postal fraud. There are two types of trials: criminal and civil. In a criminal trial, the government is prosecuting an individual for an offense that threatens the security of individual citizens. Usually, criminal trials involve actions taken as a result of malicious intent, Civil trials are disputes between two parties. In both instances, the person that charges are eing brought against is the defendant; in criminal trials, the government is the prosecution – in civil trials. References â€Å"Introduction to the Justice System† â€Å"An Overview of the Court System in the United Statesâ€Å" www. library. thinkquest. org The United States Department of Justice, www. justice. gov History of Criminal Justice System, www. lawandliberty. org Andrews, Mark  "Law and the Legal System in Ancient Egypt;† www. touregypt. net/featurestories/law. htm â€Å"Islam Mythsâ€Å", www. muslim-canada. org/Islam_myths. htm Justice Systems in Egypt and the United States How to cite Justice Systems in Egypt and in the United States, Papers

Project Report on Cookies Limited

Question: Write about theProject Report on Cookies Limited. Answer: Report Introduction Strategic Management refers to the preparation and application of goals and objectives that are set by the top management of the company to achieve better results by allocating the resources to the right place (Ansoff, 2007). It involves strategic planning which analyses the internal and external environment in which the company prevails. It is important to make and plan strategies for the future of company because it will evaluate and analyse the efficiency and the effectiveness of the company (Hill, Jones and Schilling, 2014). The current report discusses the case of Cookies Limited Company which is popular for its variety of tasty cookie products. In relation to the same, the company have set a strategic goal for the company to have a customer-centric and data-driven approach. The objective behind this strategic approach is to improve sales and business growth. In addition to the same, the company has to develop a data driven technology which will serve the executive people of the company who have less knowledge of Information and Communications Technology. The data driven system has to be developed in such a way that it is user friendly and clearly understood by the general people. Further, the report will discuss the data collection and storage system, data in action which includes the consumer centric design of the product and the recommendation system, the business continuity i.e. how the business will survive in case of contingencies and finally the conclusion of the report. Data Collection and Storage Data Collection System Data Collection refers to a systematic process of gathering and measuring of information through various sources to get the exact idea of the ways through which the objective will be accomplished. The data which is required to be collected in the current case of Cookies Limited is basically the tastes and preferences of the customers because the company being into the food industry depends on how well they cater to the demands and wants of their customers. The data can be collected with the help of different methods of the like surveys cum questionnaires which can asked to be filled by the customers visiting their single store in the city. This is can be used by the company to get the reviews of customers which will ensure them to make cookies according to the tastes of their respective set of customers. The questionnaires will comprise of questions like gender, age, occupation, their favourite flavour cookies, do they find the prices reasonable, design or shape of cookies they liked the most etc. these type of questions will help the company in becoming a customer-centric firm which makes the products by and for their customers. Rich data with the consumer choices can be collected by gathering data and information from not only the people coming into their store but also by reaching out to the people in nearby places, uploading review cum feedback form on their website so, that they can directly communicate with their customers. Another method of data collection can be stratified and cluster sample surveys which will help in collecting information from the selected group of people in order to cater to the customised demand of people (Williams, 2007). Storage System Storage system refers to the storing of data and information in the computer system and retrieving the data when required in future for the formulation of strategies. In the current report the storage system refers to the storage of the information of their customers which will include their likes, their shopping history, their favourite flavours etc. This big data can be maintained by upgrading their technology. In addition to the same, the company can use the artificial intelligence technology which will help the company to reduce the work of the company personnel. As the technologically updated soft wares installed in the systems will reduce the work of humans and will give results based on the tastes of their customers. The database of their customers shopping history will be of great importance as they will be able to make out their shopping behaviour and then will provide customised products which will give the customers a feeling of being delighted and therefore; long lasting worth remembering experience. In order to achieve an efficient storage system the company will have to improve their technology standards as they are interested in going for online business which a great option because of its coverage and effectiveness. Therefore; for having an online presence the company needs to be present on each of the online websites where they will get more coverage and will cater to the needs of their target audiences. The tactic of involving customers in their process of new cookies design and flavour can be possible being online because this will involve their customers and will give them a sense of belongingness with the company. This will also make the products customised and unique for the needs of their customers (Pais, S and Symonds, 2011). Data in Action Customer-Centric Product Design Customer-centric product design refers to the designing of the product according to the needs and wants of the customers. Customer-centric refers to the situation where customer is at the centre of the whole working of the company basically, the customer is said to be the king according to whose wishes the ministers are required to perform and act. Customer-centric approach is a big factor which gives rise to customer loyalty. Loyal customers are those happy customers who will always spread good word of mouth about the company and it is said to be the best and effective way of advertising and promoting the company (Maureen E and Daniel, 2014). To be a company which follows customer-centric product design it has to become technology advanced company. Updated technology will make the online business of the company very strong by which they will be able to communicate with their customers in which the customers will let them know about the design of the product of their choice. Cookies are mostly liked by children therefore; they can be given options of the design of cartoon characters which will bring the whole hearted involvement of their customers and finally the output will also be satisfying because as it has catered the same product which was chosen by the customers. The ways to make the customer-centric product design the company can make their websites in such a way that their customers are able to update or choose their preferred design with their favourite flavour and order the same then and there (Jirinova, K and Kolis, K, 2013). Recommendation System The recommendation system refers to that system which enable the people visiting that particular online platform are able to rate or give their feedback or preferences that the user would give them. Similarly, a kind of website or portal should be evolved by the company so that the company will be able to seek the feedback, preferences, ratings; views etc. of their customers and finally become a company who whole heartedly works for its customers. Recommendation system is a tool for the company to evaluate its performance and image of the company in the minds of the customers. The recommendation system can be of two types that are collaborative and content-based filtering methods. The recommendation system of the company should be such that it does appeal to its customers. Apart from this the system will also generate huge database of the customers which will include various valuable information which will be helpful to the company as on the basis of such information the company will be able to use it for further improvements and additions (Sen, Xiaonan and Yannan, 2015). Business Continuity Business Continuity refers to how effectively the management manages the interruptions of any kind which occurs in between the smooth functioning of the company. The need for the Business Continuity Management arises to manage deal with the business contingencies, by designing a Business Continuity Process after making effective business continuity plans for the constant running of the operations of the company with least impact on it of the disruptions which might occur anytime. Business Continuity is advantageous for companies as they analyse the potential threat and risks which might occur therefore; the need of business continuity is to reduce the impact which might affect the processes of the company (Queensland Government, n.d.). There are different types of plans which will help the online business of the company to survive in case of disasters or power outrage which are the back-up plan, emergency plan, test plan and recovery plan. The back-up plan should be such so that it recovers all the information and data of the customers and the back-up has to be managed by the company personnel. They are also required to update the back-up plan constantly and there should always be one or two back-ups in case of any failure of any of the back-ups the extra one has to be there. The emergency plan has to be undertaken in case of any disasters or emergencies like fire, attacks or structural damage then, the company has to identify the situations and then apply the emergency plan. The test plan is the final aspect of the disaster where the plan identifies loop holes of the three of the plans that are the back-up, emergency and recovery plans. The recovery plan deals with the restoring of information and data. The people comprising the recovery department should be firm enough in fulfilling their responsibilities (Dushie, 2014). In order to survive against the problems that occur because of the power cuts and other kinds of disasters the company has to be wise with their back-up plans. They are of different types full back-up, incremental back-up, mirror back-up and differential back-up plans. All these are required in order to deal with the contingencies and at the same time reducing the risks involved in such mishappening events. The full back-up plans carries the all of the files and data stored from day one to till date as in different files and also the back-up will be restored again when whenever the back-up run takes place. The incremental back-up is just the add on the new files and not running of the whole previous back-up and just the new files added after the last back-up. The mirror back-up refers to the changes that are made in the sources of the will automatically update the mirror back-up similar to the changes made in the file. The differential back-up is in the middle of the full and the inc remental back-up. The major focus has to be on the proper and effective back-up during the time of power cut which can be managed by installing long lasting generators which will act as a recovery plan for the company to restore the data saved there and then (Karim, 2011). Conclusion and Recommendations On the basis of the above report, it can be concluded that the Cookies Limited Company is going for online business which will increase the sales of the company as it has only one store in the city. The company is willing to advance its technology so that they can reach out to more people moreover; they will get the direct views and first hand data from their customers. The report has discussed will be presented to the senior executives of the company who don not possess great knowledge of technology therefore; in order to make it understandable by them it is required that they are convinced by the new strategies which will benefit the company in the long run. On the basis of the above report it can be recommended to the company that they should make their website in such a manner that customers are automatically driven towards them and the recommendation system is technologically advanced so that their customers can communicate their feedback and grievances. The company should also make their products customised by the customers themselves and for that they should have artificial intelligence software which will do the work with little human assistance therefore; reducing the load on the personnel of the company and making it more advanced through going for online business (Paulsen, 2012). References Ansoff, H., 2007, Strategic management. Springer. Dushie, D, Y., 2014, Business Continuity Planning: An Empirical Study of Factors that Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014, Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hinder Effective Disaster Preparedness of Businesses, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.5, No.27. Jirinova, K and Kolis, K., 2013, Research Of Customer-Centric Approach And Involvement Of Customers Into Innovation Process Across Czech Smes, The 7th International Days of Statistics and Economics, Prague, viewed 22 January 2017 from https://msed.vse.cz/files/2013/116-Jirinova-Katerina-paper.pdf. Karim, A, J., 2011, Business Disaster Preparedness: An Empirical Study for measuring the Factors of Business Continuity to face Business Disaster, International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2 No. 18. Maureen E, B and Daniel M, W., 2014, The Influence Of Customer Centric Strategic Approach For Competitive Advantage On Customer Satisfaction In Cfc Stanbic Bank Kenya Limited, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, Vol. II, Issue 11. Pais, S and Symonds, J., 2011, Data Storage On A Rfid Tag For A Distributed System, International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.2, No.2. Paulsen, K., 2012, Moving Media Storage Technologies: Applications Workflows for Video and Media Server Platforms, Taylor Francis. Queensland Government, n.d. Business Continuity Planning, viewed 22 January 2017 from https://www.mackay.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/151434/Business_Continuity_Planning_Guide.pdf. Sen, W, Xiaonan, Z and Yannan, D., 2015, A Collaborative Filtering Recommender System Integrated with Interest Drift based on Forgetting Function, International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology, Vol.8, No.4, pp.247-264. Williams, C., 2007, Research Methods, Journal of Business Economic Research, Volume 5, Number 3.

Cult Conversion Freewill Or Brainwashing Essay Example For Students

Cult Conversion: Freewill Or Brainwashing? Essay The controversy surrounding new religious movements seems to be foremost concerned with whether or not the members of these religions come of their own freewill or if they convert as a necessary and inevitable response to advanced coercion, or brainwashing techniques employed by the cult leaders. The concept of brainwashing came into popular existence in the 1950s as the result of attempts to try and explain the behaviour of some American GIs who defected to the Communists during the Korean War (19 Oct 1999). Many people, including some professionals, found brainwashing to be an acceptable explanation for the otherwise unexplainable behaviour. However, the brainwashing theory did nothing to explain why hundreds of other captured GIs chose to remain true to their country even at the risk of being tortured. It could not accurately account for the behaviour of a select few GIs when it did not offer any explanation for the behaviour of the majority. Since the 1950s, the concept of brainw ashing has faded in and out of public consciousness with a tendency to flare up again in the face of public controversy. In the 1960s and 1970s the brainwashing debate again took center stage, this time in an attempt to explain the behaviour of so-called radicals who left behind a normal life and opted instead for a cult existence. Although scholars of new religious movements would agree that religious groups often have substantial influence over their followers, they would also argue that the influence exerted in cults is not very different from influence that is present in practically every arena of life, (19 Oct 1999). Mainstream religions also exercise influence over their members concerning matters such as lifestyle choices, familial relations and monetary donations. Furthermore, most social scientists concede that some degree of influence is inevitable in each culture and facet of life even outside the arena of religious choice. Despite the fact that there do not appear to be any studies that conclusively provide evidence of brainwashing as a legitimate explanation for joining an NRM, and in spite of the many studies that have refuted that brainwashing defense successfully, the brainwashing theory continues to be debated regularly. The concept of brainwashing is still often relied on to account for behaviour that is otherwise culturally unjustifiable. If brainwashing is not an appropriate explanation for the conversion of people to NRMs than what is? A common theme on the anti-cult side of the conversion debate is the argument that members are, to varying degrees, predisposed to becoming cult members. This supposed predisposition is commonly thought to be a product of depression, grief, loneliness and a life filled with successive failures. However, as recent studies have shown, this is not entirely true. Although many people who seek out NRMs are suffering with depression or have realized some setbacks the same could be said of some that seek out mainst ream religions for the same reasons, namely to feel better about themselves and to find purpose and meaning in life. Shelley Leibert, an instructor with the Unification Church, has discussed two main types of people that pass through the UC camps (Dawson, 1996:204). Leibert describes one type as being well rounded, successful and secure while the other is described as being drug users, dropouts and drifters. Leibert concludes that it is the latter that are most unlikely to dedicate themselves to the lifestyle of the UC. Proponents of the predetermination theory often argue that it is these depressed and lonely people who are susceptible, predetermined and often targeted victims of cult brainwashing. They make these assumptions often lacking any firsthand knowledge of cult recruiting practices. While it is true that at times some cult members appear to be more vulnerable to cult recruiting (Dawson, 1996:205), it remains that vulnerability and predisposed are two different concepts. F urthermore, many of those who are deemed to be vulnerable (recent divorcees, the grieving, etc.,) frequently regard their cult experience as a positive and therapeutic experience, even after leaving the cult environment (Dawson, 1996:205). Although, as Dr. John G. Clark suggests, these seemingly vulnerable people join NRMs in an attempt to feel better about themselves (Dawson, 1996:207), the same thing can be said of many .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 , .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .postImageUrl , .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 , .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3:hover , .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3:visited , .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3:active { border:0!important; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3:active , .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3 .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcc601ed064f7b11c1ae48e3064bd5b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The National Socialist German Workers' Party and nazism Essay